对于刚接触国际课程的同学来说,IGCSE生物比较难,词汇量多,对于英语能力要求也比较高,但是IGCSE生物的含金量却很高,尤其是一些医学生物类专业的必选科目。今天就给大家讲讲IGCSE生物真题Enzyme酶,准备拿A的同学赶紧来吧!【IGCSE生物大考在即,如何复习才能冲A*?】
An experiment was carried out to study the effect of temperature on the time taken for protein to be digested by an enzyme.
The table shows the results.
For these results, at which temperature does the enzyme denature?
A. 20 °C
B. 30 °C
C. 40 °C
D. 50 °C
[答案] D
[解析]
从题目中的表可以看出从25-35℃,complete digestion 需要的时间从4小时变为2小时,从35-55℃,complete digestion 需要的时间则越来越长,这说明超过35℃,enzyme的活性在降低,到55℃,完全没有digestion,说明酶已经denature。因此,题目问at which temperature does the enzyme denature,我们选45-55℃之间的50℃。
Why does excessive heat decrease enzyme activity?
A. It changes the shape of the active site.
B. It changes the shape of the substrate and product molecules.
C. It increases the force of collisions between substrate and product molecules.
D. It increases the kinetic energy of the substrate molecules.
[答案] A
[解析]
上图阐述了lock and key model, 我们可以把酶想象成一把锁,而锁孔就是酶的active site , substrate 是key, substrate和酶的active site 是互补的。因此,我们说酶具有专一性,一把钥匙开一把锁,也就是说一种酶只可以催化一种或者一类反应。如果我们改变外部条件,比如像题目中的“excessive heat”,改变了“锁孔”的结构,那么substrate 不能再跟active site结合,因此酶促反应的速率会降低。
Four test-tubes were set up as shown in the table.In which test-tube would starch be broken down the fastest?
[答案] B
[解析]
这一题考察了温度对酶的影响,酶对温度很敏感,在特定温度下,工作最好;温度过低,会因为酶和底物的kinetic energy过低,碰撞几率少,反应速率低;而过高的温度可以使酶失活。
题目问“in which test-tube would starch be broken down the fastest”哪一个试管中starch是最快被分解的,那么我们就要选有酶的,而且还得是有活性的酶,C和D选项中加入的是boiled amylase, 高温使酶失去了活性,因此首次排除C和D,A和B里面我们就要给酶选一个optimum temperature了,因此选B。
The graph shows the effect of pH on the activity of three different enzymes.
The table shows the pH of different parts of the alimentary canal.
Which enzymes in the graph are likely to be protease enzymes?
A. X, Y and Z
B. X and Z only
C. Y and Z only
D. Z only
[答案] B
[解析]
这个题考察了两个点:
PH对酶活性的影响;
protease会出现在消化道的哪些地方
从图中我们可以看出X, Y, Z三种酶的optimum PH大概分别是2,7,8,根据表格中提供的mouth,stomach以及small intestine的PH值,我们可以推断出X是stomach里面的酶,Y是mouth里面的酶,Z是small intestine 里面的酶;但是我们的mouth里面没有protease,只有salivary gland分泌的amylase,因此我们可以断定只有X和Z有可能是protease.
Biological washing powder contains enzymes to remove stains from clothes.
Describe an investigation to find the temperature at which biological washing
powder is most effective at removing stains.
Your answer should include experimental details and be written in full sentences.
...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................(6) Edexcel 201706
[参考答案]
C different/range of temperatures;O same type of powder / same mass of powder / same concentration of powder / same enzymes;R repeat for each temperatures / repeat same experiment / eq;M1 measure (change in) mass of stain / colour / area / disappearance of stain / eq;M2 time stated / time taken (to disappear) / eq;S1 same mass of stain / same source of stain / same area of stain / same type of stain /
same colour of stain / eq;orS2 same water / same volume of water / same washing machine / washing action / same pH / eq;orS3 same material / same shirt / same position on shirt / eq;
[解析]
在设计实验的时候,我们首先要找到实验的目的是什么。比如该实验的目的是找到washing powder的最适温度。那我们怎么找呢?酶在最适温度下工作最快,也即反应发生最快。我们怎么测酶促反应的反应速率呢?我们可以看底物的消耗速率,也可以看生成物的产生速率。在该实验里,我们可以看stain消失的时间。
那既然实验要我们找最适温度,我们要设置不同的温度梯度,但是我们要助力其他的一切一切都一致,比如washing powder的品牌,washing powder的用量,stain的量,stain的种类,测stain消失的时间,都得保持一致。 还要注意的一点是,为了让实验数据更reliable,我们要设置repeatings。
此外,就是一定要注意answer in full sentence rather than bullet points.
以上是一些IGCSE生物真题Enzyme酶的知识了,同学们可以把历年的真题都拿过来浏览复习一边,对于专业名词要能够了解认识,除了词汇以外,逻辑也是另外一个非常重要的能力。【IGCSE生物学想冲A* 要会背、会画、还会写】想在考试中答题清晰有逻辑,那就赶紧来橡沐吧,橡沐有很多精英等你来。点击【预约试听】立即报名。
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