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IB生物paper2怎么复习？复杂问题的简单小技巧快收下

02-24

作者：Haley

IB生物paper2是分值最高的一个paper，占总成绩40%左右，因此大家一定要认真对待。不过IB生物paper2又充斥着非常难搞的Data-based,short answer,extended response questions题型，所以本文就分享一下这些题型的答题技巧与范文分析，一起向着7分冲刺吧。

IB生物paper2怎么复习？复杂问题的简单小技巧快收下内容图片_1

IB生物paper2考试形式

IB生物有SL和HL两个阶段，IBDP的生物国际课程旨在帮助学员建立对生物学原理的广泛和整体的理解。

IB生物paper2（SL）：

时长：75分钟

分值：50分，占40%

题目：简答题和2选1的拓展问题

计算器：允许使用

IB生物paper2（HL）：

时长：135分钟

分值：72分，占36%

题目：简答题和3选2的拓展问题

计算器：允许使用

IB生物paper2高分技巧

● 答案清晰简洁，无需重新阅读即可理解。

● 很少\没有重复\使用不相关的内容，简洁地回答了问题。

● 每个问题分为三个部分，（a）、（b）和（c）。小伙伴们无需按此顺序答题，但必须清楚指出要回答的关键部分内容。

● 仔细阅读每个小节，查看分成绩分配。

● 确保严格遵循命令术语的要求写答案。

● 建议为每个问题花费5分钟时间规划答案。

● 在考试中，建议大家列列关键词汇，然后根据要求和关键词汇绘制思维导图。

● 要记住的另一点是，不必像说IB历史或心理学那样以论文形式回答这些问题，不需要那样长篇大论。IB生物学的答案可以包含带注释的图表或表格。

● 注意，在其中一些问题中，每个答案可分解为多个段落，每个段落回答的是问题的不同部分。这有助于产生清晰且结构合理的答案，并且有助于考官进行评分。

● 还请注意，第一句话通常是一个引言，说明问题中关键词的含义。

● 可以通过画图使答案更加清晰，而且会画图很重要。

接下来，让我们结合范文答案，来理解以上IB生物paper2答题要点。

示例1：Outline how plants use the nitrates and phosphates that they absorb from the soil to make organic compounds [3]
关键词：
Nitrates; phosphates; organic compounds
重点词汇：
Solution; Xylem; Amino acids / nucleotide bases; Calvin cycle; ATP / DNA/ RNA; Carbon compounds / triose phosphate; Photosynthesis
示例答案：When a plant photosynthesises it makes triose phosphate in the Calvin cycle, a simple carbon compound. This is then used to make all the other organic compounds the plant needs. These include ATP, DNA and RNA which all require phosphate, and amino acids and nucleic acid bases which all require nitrogen from nitrates. The phosphates and nitrates are absorbed from the soil and transported to cells in solution in the xylem.

IB生物paper2怎么复习？复杂问题的简单小技巧快收下内容图片_2

● 示例2：Describe what takes place in the alveoli. [4]
关键词：
Alveoli
重点词汇：
Type I and type II pneumocytes; Oxygen / carbon dioxide; Diffusion; Capillaries; Haemoglobin; Ventilation; Blood flow
示例答案：Alveoli are composed of type I and type II pneumocytes. Type I are very thin and allow rapid gas exchnage and type II secrete a sufactant that prevents the alveolar walls from sticking together. Oxygen diffuses from the alveolar air into the blood and binds to haemoglobin in the red blood cells whereas carbon dioxide diffuses from the plasma into the alveolar air. The gases can do this as concentration gradients are maintained by ventilation changing the alveolar air and blood flowing through the capillaries covering the alveoli.
● 示例3：Explain DNA replication in prokaryotes. [8]
重点词汇：
Gyrase; Helicase; DNA primase; DNA polymerase I; DNA polymerase III; Ligase; RNA nucleotides; DNA nucleotides; Template strand; Replication fork, RNA primer; Complentary base pairing; Leading / lagging strands; Okazaki fragments; Semi-conservative; 5' - 3'; Single strand binding proteins
你需要做的就是写出每种酶并解释其作用。其他术语应包括在相关酶中。下面有四个答案示例说明了这一点。请注意，每行之间要留空行以使答案更清晰，因此更阅卷官易于给分。

Helicase unwinds the double helix and breaks the hydrogen bonds between the strands at the replication fork. Single strand binding proteins then keep the strands apart.

DNA primase adds a short RNA primer strand in a 5' - 3' direction to the lagging strand using RNA nucleotides and complementary base pairing (CBP) to the template strand.

DNA polymerase I replaces the RNA nucleotides of the primer with DNA nucleotides using CBP to the template strand.

DNA polymerase III adds DNA nucelotides in a 5' - 3' direction using CBP to the template strand at the replication fork on the leading strand and to the primer on the lagging strand.