Alevel化学有机反应机理概念总结 这些难上天的概念你会区分吗

学Alevel化学的同学助力复习进度的时候也要助力自己的复习质量哦，下面来给大家汇总一些Alevel化学中比较难的Alevel化学有机反应机理概念，希望同学们能够区分这些概念和定义。

Alevel化学有机反应机理概念

Functional group：a group of atoms responsible for the characteristic reactions of an organic compound.

Homolytic fission：the splitting of a covalent bond where each atom retains one electron from the bonding pair. 

Heterolytic fission：the splitting of a covalent bond where one atom retains both electrons from the bonding pair. 

Free radical：an uncharged molecule with an unpaired electron.

Initiation：an initial chemical reaction which triggers further reactions. 

Propagation：a secondary reaction where there is no net gain or loss of free radicals.

Termination ：the final step in a chain reaction where a reactive intermediate is rendered inactive. 

Nucleophile：a molecule or substance that donates electrons.

Electrophile：a molecule or substance that acts as an electron pair acceptor.

Addition：a reaction where two or more molecules react to form a larger molecule. 

Substitution：a reaction where an atom or group is replaced by another atom or group.

Elimination：a reaction in which two substituents are removed from a molecule in a mechanism with one or two steps.

Hydrolysis：the splitting up of a compound or molecule using water. 

Condensation：the formation of a compound with the release of water.

Oxidation：the formation of a compound with the release of water.

Reduction：gain of electrons.

Alevel化学有机反应机理

Free Radical Substitution

例如：Methane with chlorine

Electrophilic addition

例如：

• Alkenes with hydrogen bromide

• Alkenes with bromine

• Alkenes with sulphuric acid

 Nucleophilic substitution

例如：

• Haloalkanes with hydroxide ions

• Haloalkane with cyanide ions

• Haloalkane with ammonia

Elimination

例如：

Hydrogen halides from haloalkanes

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