写作对于很多同学来说是一大难题,那么本期我们特邀了来自美国University of Cincinnati 全额奖学金博士王导师,给大家讲讲托福写作如何拿高分,来看看他有啥好办法吧!
托福写作如何拿高分
在托福写作中,得到高分最主要的就是“提升语言和本质内容”,然而另外一项“逻辑的提升”也是写作复习的重要因素。具体来说,就是transition words的巧妙使用。每个复习托福的同学都知道,托福写作非常重要的一点是需要做到“Displays unity, progression, and coherence ”(TOEFL OG, 6th edition, P203)。
简单来说,就是我们写的作文需要体现统一性、层次发展以及整体的逻辑链接。除了助力在内容上的体现之外,另外一个非常重要的点就是合理使用一些transition words进行文章逻辑的强化提升。
举个例子
以下为一位课上学员的写作练习:
First, choosing the individuals who think similarly to be the team members can maintain the peaceful working atmosphere. It can help us better understand the ideas of our team members and show the respect to others, which enables us to reach a sense of agreement to other members in our team.
For instance, my Math teacher told me to do a project which required me to choose a teammate and I chose George because he shared similar ideas. We were both willing to make efforts to finish the project in the end. If I chose someone who had the different ideas than mine, there might be the conflicts or arguments between us.
仔细阅读后大家会发现,这位同学的这个段落写作中除了有语法表达问题和内容展开问题之外,还有一个非常明显的问题,就是段落内部的逻辑结构非常松散,整体性和联系性比较差。
而会出现这样问题的原因,是这位学员在写作中很少注意transition words的使用,除了在举例中使用了一个for instance之外别的地方基本上都没有transition words。然而,本文每句话之间其实都拥有一定程度的逻辑关系,例如:
第一句和第二句之间其实是进一步解释的关系,可以加一个transition words,比如To be more specific;
第三句和第四句之间其实是一个隐性的因果关系,可以加一个As a consequence;
第四句和第五句之间是个对比转折关系,同样可以加一个On the contrary。
如此一来,文章就如下所示:
First, choosing the individuals who think similarly to be the team members can maintain the peaceful working atmosphere. (To be more specific,)It can help us better understand the ideas of our team members and show the respect to others, which enables us to reach a sense of agreement to other members in our team. For instance, my Math teacher told me to do a project which required me to choose a teammate and I chose George because he shared similar ideas. (As a consequence,) We were both willing to make efforts to finish the project in the end. (On the contrary,) If I chose someone who had the different ideas than mine, there might be the conflicts or arguments between us.
加上了这些简单的transition words之后,是不是发现文章的结构和逻辑性都得到了大幅度提升,通篇更加具有层次感,写作大意也更加一目了然。这也就是我们为什么一直强调大家要多用衔接词!当然,逻辑能力的提升也并非一日而就,需要通过日积月累,从平时练习中就养成善用transition words的习惯。
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