AP物理1真题和考点梳理 这样复习AP物理准稳了

马上就是AP大考了，未来方便同学们的复习，下面给大家带来一些AP物理1真题和考点，如果有复习需要的同学记得看一下哦！

AP物理1考点

AP物理1考试的覆盖范围可以大体上分为以下几方面

• 运动学

• 牛顿力学

• 圆周运动和万有引力定律

• 简谐振动:单摆和弹簧振子

• 冲量、线性动量和线性动量守恒

• 功、能和能量守恒

• 转动：力矩、转动运动学和能量、转动力学和角动量守恒

• 静电力学：电荷及其相互作用力

• 直流电路：纯电阻电路

• 机械波和声学

AP物理1考点在简答题中的分布

振动和波

功、能和动能

运动学和牛顿定律

功、能和动能

电路

出题频率最高的分别是运动学&牛顿运动、功&能&动量、振动&波这三部分，这几乎可以说是必考的部分，需要引起大家的重视。

详细考点梳理

运动学&牛顿定律(kinetics,dynamics)

运动学和牛顿定律是力学的基础，往往跟力学的各个章节结合起来，也经常跟电磁学结合起来考查，是考试的重点。

这一部分的主要考点包括

• uniformly accelerated motion 匀加速运动

• velocity-time diagram 速度-时间图

• projectile motion 抛体运动

• Newton’s Law 牛顿定律

• Free-body diagram 受力分析图

功&能&动量（work,energy, impulse)

功能这一部分是力学的核心，还特别容易和振动、摆部分综合出题。

其主要考点集中于：

• work 功

• energy conservation 能量守恒

• kinetic and potential energy 动能与势能

• the conservation of mechanical energy 机械能守恒

• power 功率

• impulse 冲量

• conservation of linear momentum 动量守恒

• elasticand inelastic collision 弹性和非弹性碰撞。

圆周运动和转动(circular motion, rotational motion)

转动原来是只有物理C才考的内容，物理B改革后被加到来物理1的考点中，而且在国内国际学校转动没有涉猎过，所以这部分内容对大多数学员来说是个难点，但是物理1这部分不会考定量计算，只会考对概念定性的理解，难度并不是太大。

其考点主要有：

• Uniformly Circular Motion 匀速圆周运动

• Newton’s Law of Gravitation 牛顿万有引力

• Torque 力矩

• Equilibrium 平衡

• Rotational Kinematics 转动运动学

• Rotational Dynamics 转动力学

振动和波 （oscillation & wave）

振动和波这部分在15和16年的考试中都出了大题，属于考试的重点，而这部分内容又是国际学校物理所不太涉及到的地方，需要同学们着重复习一下。

主要的考点有：

• Simple Harmonic Motion 简谐振动

• Pendulum 摆

• Traveling waves 行波

• Standing waves 驻波

• Doppler effect 多普勒效应

• 这其中驻波是重点，一是在国内国际学校不太被涉及的到，而且对于初学者理解起来比较抽象。

电场力和纯电阻电路 (electrostatics and DC circuits)

这部分知识点在物理1、2的考试中都有涉及，主要是在物理2的考试中出现，在物理1中相对比较简单。

主要涉及的考点有：

• Electric Forces 电场力

• Electric Fields 电场

• Conductor 导体

• Ohm’s Law 欧姆定律

• Electric power 电功率

AP物理1真题

单选题

The diagram above shows a top view of achild of mass M on a circular platform of mass 2M that is rotatingcounterclockwise. Assume the platform rotates without friction. Which of thefollowing describes an action by the child that will increase the angular speedof the platform-child system and gives the correct reason why?

(A) The child moves toward the center ofthe platform, increasing the total angular momentum of the system.

(B) The child moves toward the center ofthe platform, decreasing the rotational inertia of the system.

(C) The child moves away from the centerof the platform, increasing the total angular momentum of the system.

(D) The child moves away from the centerof the platform, decreasing the rotational inertia of the system.

答案： B。本题考查的是转动部分的知识：如果系统所受的合外力矩为0，那么系统的角动量不变。本题中，当小孩向中心移动时减小了转动惯量，从而增大系统的角速度。

多选题（含有2个正确答案）

In an experiment, three microscopiclatex spheres are sprayed into a chamber and become charged with +3e, +5e and-3e, respectively. Later, all three spheres collide simultaneously and thenseparate. Which of the following are possible values for the final charges onthe spheres? Select two answers.

    X        Y       Z

(A)  +4e     -4e      +5e

(B)  -4e     +4.5e    +4.5e

(C)  +5e     -8e      +7e

(D)  +6e     +6e     -7e

答案： A D。本题考查的是电荷的基本知识：电荷守恒，系统的净电荷等于所有物体所带电荷的和；电荷的最小单位是元电荷e，物体带电量必须是e的整数倍。

简答题

这部分加大了实验题和文字论述题的比重。其中考察1道实验设计题，1道定量计算和定性论述题，其余为简短问答题。对于实验设计题，通常实验装置和步骤不是唯一的，只要合理可行都可以得到相应的分值。实验步骤不需要长篇大论，一定要清晰、简洁明了。

A groupof students has two carts, A and B, with wheels that turn with negligiblefriction. The carts can travel along a straight horizontal track. Cart A hasknown mass mA. The students are asked to use a one-dimensionalcollision between the carts to determine the mass of cart B. Before thecollision, cart A travels to the right and cart B is initially at rest, asshown above. After the collision, the carts stick together.

(a) Describean experimental procedure to determine the velocities of the carts before andafter a collision, including all the additional equipment you would need. Youmay include a labeled diagram of your setup to help in your description.Indicate what measurements you would take and how you would take them. Includeenough detail so that another student could carry out your procedure.

(b)There will be sources of error in the measurements taken in the experiment,both before and after the collision. For your experimental procedure, will theuncertainty in the calculated value of the mass of cart B be affected more bythe error in the measurements taken before the collision or by those takenafter the collision, or will it be equally affected by both sets ofmeasurements?

Justifyyour answer.

A group of students took measurementsfor one collision. A graph of the students’ data is shown below.

(c) Given mA=0.50kg, usethe graph to calculate the mass of cart B. Explicitly indicate the principlesused in your calculations.

(d) The students are now asked to consider thekinetic energy changes in an inelastic collision, specifically whether theinitial values of one of the physical quantities affect the fraction ofmechanical energy dissipated in the collision. How could you modify theexperiment to investigate this question? Be sure to explicitly describe thecalculations you would make, specifying all equations you would use (but do notactually do any algebra or arithmetic).

答案：

(a) 评分说明：实验设计题的答案不是唯一的，只要合理可行即可。本题中，须使用合理的实验装置，并明确指出测量碰撞前与碰撞后的速度所需的所有实验步骤。初此之外，须没有其他与实验无关的装置和测量。

参考答案：

Place a motion detector at the left endof the track. Push cart A to give it an initial speed. Record position as afunction of time, first for cart A and then the combined cart A and B.

(b)评分说明：对碰撞前与碰撞后的测量误差给出合理的假设，并根据这些假设对比它们在计算物块B的质量时产生的影响而得出结论。

参考答案：

If the measurement errors are of the same magnitude,they will have a greater effect after the collision. The speed of the combinedcarts will be less than the initial speed of cart A, so errors of the samemagnitude will be a greater percentage of the actual value after the collision.So the values after the collision will have a greater effect on the value ofthe mass of cart B.

(c)

Conservation ofmomentum can be used to determine the mass of cart B:

The speed vibefore the collision is the slope of the best-fit line for the data from 0 to1s. The speed vfafter the collision is the slope of thebest-fit line for the data from 1 to 2s.

 Applying conservation of momentum:

(d) 评分说明：须与（a）中的实验装置和步骤一致，改变其中某个物理量进行实验，根据用测量数据计算碰撞前与碰撞后的动能，通过比较损失的机械能得出结论。

   参考答案：

   You could vary the initial speed of cart A. From the data, calculatevalues of kinetic energy before and after the collision using

Then analyze

to see if the changes in initial speedgive different values.

解答题部分将不再局限于对学员计算能力的考察，而是更注重考察学员的理解能力，文字叙述和书面表达能力。

以上就是关于AP物理1考点和真题的解析，不管你选择那门课，理想分是最重要的，纵观今年美国藤校的早申，哪些拿到录取的同学无一不是有着超优异的学术成绩。所以同学们一定要重视自己的AP成绩，不要心存侥幸哦！马上面临大考，如果你有任何课程疑问，您都可以前来橡沐，精英给你专业的帮助。

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